MOLECULES TO METABOLISM
All the information is from notes taken in class, Pearson book and portfolio rubric.
2.1.1 Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved.
note: living organisms contain many chemical elements, some in large quantities and some in very small amount.
2.1.2 Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable compounds to exist.
2.1.3 Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
note: living organism can be organic or inorganic, the organic can be defined as compound containing carbon such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
2.1.4 Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme-catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism.
note: pathways in which one type of molecule is transformed into another step/cycles
2.1.5 Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions.
note: type of metabolism
2.1.6 Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.
note: type of metabolism
2.1.1 Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved.
note: living organisms contain many chemical elements, some in large quantities and some in very small amount.
2.1.2 Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable compounds to exist.
2.1.3 Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
note: living organism can be organic or inorganic, the organic can be defined as compound containing carbon such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
2.1.4 Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme-catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism.
note: pathways in which one type of molecule is transformed into another step/cycles
2.1.5 Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions.
note: type of metabolism
2.1.6 Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.
note: type of metabolism
NOTES: The most important elements of the Periodic Table are:
Oxigen - Carbon - Hydrogen - Nitrogen
We can memorize them by CHON
90% of our body has and works with CHON
Such like proteins contain CHON
Oxigen - Carbon - Hydrogen - Nitrogen
We can memorize them by CHON
90% of our body has and works with CHON
Such like proteins contain CHON
CARBON
•15th most abundant element on earth
•Carbon atoms form strong covalent bonds with other atoms (up to 4 covalent bonds) •Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Notes: -Carbon is a kind and it needs 4 extra electron -Carbon is the foundation of biology |
covalent bonDs
Notes:
Carbon is covalent and has 4 and wants to bond with others like hydrogen
MAGICAL NUMBER: 8. IF IT HAS 8 THE ATOM IS STABLE
Carbon is easy to bond and easy to break, also it can form strong bonds. That's why it is present in a lot of structures.
Carbon is covalent and has 4 and wants to bond with others like hydrogen
MAGICAL NUMBER: 8. IF IT HAS 8 THE ATOM IS STABLE
Carbon is easy to bond and easy to break, also it can form strong bonds. That's why it is present in a lot of structures.
chemical groups
different compounds
-Carbohydrates: are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen.
- Proteins: are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains (can be one or more chains of amino acids, and each of these contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen). There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein.
- Nucleic acids: these are the chains of subunits called nucleotides, which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Types:
-RNA (ribonucleic acid)
-DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
- Proteins: are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, which are attached to one another in long chains (can be one or more chains of amino acids, and each of these contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen). There are 20 different types of amino acids that can be combined to make a protein.
- Nucleic acids: these are the chains of subunits called nucleotides, which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Types:
-RNA (ribonucleic acid)
-DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
metabolism
Metabolism is the web of all enzyme-catalyzed reactions in a cell or organism, in which
one type of molecule is transformed into another by steps or cycles
Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simple molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions. This is the reverse of catabolism, since these reactions build large biomolecules from smaller ones. And the molecules that are produced are the same types as what you find in food, such as carbohydrates and proteins.
-When your body builds muscle tissue, creates new cells, or mineralizes bone, these are all anabolic activities.
Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.
-Digestion is a catabolic activity. Here you begin with large food molecules, and then water is used to break the bonds in those molecules. These smaller molecules are then sent to the cells in your body to participate in cellular respiration.
one type of molecule is transformed into another by steps or cycles
Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simple molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions. This is the reverse of catabolism, since these reactions build large biomolecules from smaller ones. And the molecules that are produced are the same types as what you find in food, such as carbohydrates and proteins.
-When your body builds muscle tissue, creates new cells, or mineralizes bone, these are all anabolic activities.
Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers.
-Digestion is a catabolic activity. Here you begin with large food molecules, and then water is used to break the bonds in those molecules. These smaller molecules are then sent to the cells in your body to participate in cellular respiration.
GUIDENCE
Only the ring forms of D-ribose,alpha-glucose and beta-D-glucose are expected in drawings.
Sugars include monosaccharaides and disaccharides.
Only one saturated fat is expected and its specific name is not necessary.
The variable radical of amino acids can be shown as R. The structure of individual R-groups does not need to be memorized.
Students should be able to recognize from molecular drawings that triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids are lipids.
Drawings of steroids are not expected.
Proteins or parts of polypeptides should be recognized from molecular drawings showing amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Only the ring forms of D-ribose,alpha-glucose and beta-D-glucose are expected in drawings.
Sugars include monosaccharaides and disaccharides.
Only one saturated fat is expected and its specific name is not necessary.
The variable radical of amino acids can be shown as R. The structure of individual R-groups does not need to be memorized.
Students should be able to recognize from molecular drawings that triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids are lipids.
Drawings of steroids are not expected.
Proteins or parts of polypeptides should be recognized from molecular drawings showing amino acids linked by peptide bonds.